University of Health Sciences Lahore

Introduction

Specializations: teaching, training and research

• Basic Principles of Immunology
• Vaccine development
• Host-pathogen interaction
• Immunotherapy
• Development of immunologic diagnostic methods
• Autoinmmune Disorders
• Inflammatory Cells
• Regulatory Cells
• Immunoglobulins
• Cytokines
• Cells involved in immune responses
• Cell-mediated immunity
• Immunoregulation
• Immunization
• Major histocompatibility comples-genetics and role in transplantation
• Tolerance and autoimmunity
• Tumor Immunology
• Immunodeficiencies
• Genotyping

Department of immunology has sufficient laboratory space for the research work of postgraduate students. Currently the laboratory is equipped with modern research facilities such as Flow cytometer, ELISA, Real time-PCR, Immunofluorescent microscopy, Gel documentation system, electrophoresis apparatus, inverted microscope, spectrophotometer, biological safety cabinet etc

The state-of-the-art Immunology laboratory shall house core facilities for research involving

• PCR (Quantitative and Genotyping)
• Tissue Culture
• Monoclonal Antibodies
• Vertical Electrophoresis
• Western Blotting
• Pulsed Field Electrophorsis

Research Activities

The postgraduate program at UHS aspires to higher education and research training in selected areas of Immunology. All students will carryout independent and original research under the supervision of faculty advisor.

• Association of Interleukin-4, IgE and LDL Oxidation in atherosclerosis
• Polymorphism in methicillin resistance gene (mecA) of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Lahore and sero differences among different groups
• Ability of different Staphlococcal aureus isolates to induce selected metabolites in human polymorphonuclaer leucocytes
• Frequency of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells in males versus females
• Levels of autoantibodies in healthy females and males
• Enumeration of natural killer cells in diabetes mellitus patients treated with insulin and oral hypoglycemic
• Association of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ with bronchial asthma
• Percentage of CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells in type 2 diabetic patients

• Frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes in blood of tuberculosis patients
• Level of interferon in the blood of tuberculosis patients
• Determination of CRP and IL-6 in HCV positive and HCV negative patients of chronic renal failure on dialysis
• Determination of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrulinated peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients
• Frequency of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody in glomerlonephritis patients
• Detection of anti Helicobactor pylori antibodies in healthy subjects
• Quantification of serum IgA concentration among patients of coeliac disease
• Determination of anti-thyroid antibodies in patients of systemic lupus erythematosus
• Prevalence of Antithyroid antibody in patients of hepatitis C infection of genotype 3a

• Role of genetics and immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

• Determination of serum level of IL-17 and vitamin D in asthmatic patients
• Level of IFN-gama, lL-4 and lL-17 in patients of coronary artery atherosclerosis with and without allergic disorders
• Enumeration of T regulatory cells in individuals with and without amalgam fillings in their teeth
• Determination of cytokine levels in full term and preterm umbilical cord blood

• Expression analysis of TNF-alpha and NFKB in patients of chronic HCV infection

• Polymorphism and expression of TLR-3 gene is associated with HCV chronic patients of genotype 3a
• Determination of Neutrophil Gelainase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) protein in patients of systemic lupus erythematous with and without renal impairment
• Association and polymorphism of SOCS-7 gene with interferon and insulin resistance and disease progression in chronic hepatitis C
• HLA DQB1 * 0201 and DQB1 * 0301 alleles in patients of bronchial asthma and healthy controls visiting Gulab Devi Hospital Lahore
• Interlukin-6 polymorphism(634C/G) in the promotor region and the progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes
• Determination of Rheumatoid Factor of IgG, IgM and IgA isotypes in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients
• Determination of anti-C1q and anti dsDNA in SL patients with and without lupus
• Determination of antinuclear , antithyroid and anti islet cell antibodies in PCOS patients
• Determination of TGF-B1 polymorphism at -509C/T promoter region in HCV and HCC patients
• Polymorphism analysis of STAT4 and TRF5 genes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
• Enumeration of Th-17 cell in HCV patients with and without interferon therapy
• Polymorphism analysis of TLR 7 and TLR-9 genes in systemic lupus erythematosus

• Determination of salivary IgA ,TGF-beta, and IL-17 in patients of dental caries
• Determination of salivary il-6 and il-17 in patients of calculus associated chronic periodontitis
• Determination of serum NGAL level in patients of sle with and without nephritis
• Determination of anti endothelial cell, anti cardiolipin and anti glomerular antibodies in rheumatic heart disease patients

Completed

1. Role of genetics and immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy
2. Expression analysis of Interleukin-28 (IL-28) and interferon stimulating genes (ISGs) in Pakistani HCV patients with and without interferon therapy
3. Gene expression analysis of cellular genes involved in apoptosis and steatosis of HCV patients of Genotype 1a and 3a)

Ongoing

1. Inflammatory Cytokines, Allergy and Atherosclerosis
2. Levels of autoantibodies in healthy females and males

Ongoing

1. CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells level and their correlation with duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellituss

• One PhD student have successfully cleared his course work, defended his thesis and obtained the degree
• Five M. Phil students have successfully cleared their course work and defended their thesis and obtained their degrees
• Two M. Phil students have successfully cleared their course work and submitted their thesis for public defense
• Five M. Phil students have successfully cleared their course work and writing their thesis
• Forty-six article have been published that includes 37 articles published in international journals while 9 articles have been published in local journals

In addition to a meaningful interaction with other departments of basic and clinical sciences within UHS and its affiliated colleges and institutions, the department coordinated and collaborates in the training and research activities with other national biomedical institutions (with common and complementary interest) like:

• Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health CH & ICH Lahore
• Sheikh Zed Hospital Lahore
• Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS) Lahore
• Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC) Lahore
• Gulab Davi Hospital Lahore
• Shalimar Medical College Lahore

Further, linkages are being developed with foreign institutions both for collaborative research and for short term training of personnel in specialized techniques and procedures.

Research Publications of Immunology

Year 2009

1. Nadeem Afzal. Immunology; an area of constant research. International Biopharmaceutical Association Publication.
2. Nurul Khaiza Yahya, Afzal N, Kamaliah Mohd Daud. The association of HLA class-II antigens with anti-cardiolipin antibody expression in Malays with systemic lupus erythematosus in Hospital USM, Malaysia International Medical Journal, Vol 16, No 1, March 2009: 3-7 (0.023)
3. S. Suliman, Afzal N, C. Maraina. Anti-nucleosome antibody as a disease marker in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its correlation with disease activity. International Journal of Rheumatology 2009; 12: 100-106 (1.771)
4. Romeeza Tahir, Afzal N, Nauman Javed, Afia Abbas, Kunwal Rauf . Discrepancies in the diagnosis of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among different hospitals of Lahore Pakistan. The International Medical Journal: Vol. 8 No 2, Dec 2009: 7-10 (0.087)
5. Nadia Rashid, Asim Mumtaz, Saqib Mehmood, Afzal N, Salma Haq, Tanveer Ahmad. Assessment of Thyroid Dysfunction in Down syndrome patients. Pak Paed J Dec 2009; 33(4): 211-7
6. Numan J, Afzal N, Romeeza T. In vitro phagocytosis of methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Journal of Ayub Medical College 2009;21(2):49-52
7. Farhana Shahzad, Shahzad Tawwab, Afia Abbas. Relationship of white blood cells counts, haemoglobin and ESR with IHD. Journal of Ayub Medical College: Sep 2009;21(3):59-62

Year 2010

1. Romeeza T, Naeem R, Afzal N. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Typing of Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette mec of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Selected Hospitals in Lahore. The International Medical Journal volume 9 No 1, June 2010: 5-8 90(0.087)
2. Sara K, Afzal N. Anti-CCP Antibodies: an emerging marker for the early diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. The International Medical Journal volume 9 No 1, June 2010: 63-66 (0.087)
3. Maria Arif, Afzal N, Aizaz Mand, Waqas Sami, Khursheed Javaid, Sarwar Abbas, Sarah Karim. Frequency of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody in Glomerulonephritis Patients. Biomedica Vol 26. Jan-Jun 2010: 45-49
4. Asim Mumtaz, Afzal N, Waqas Sami, Romeeza Tahir, Khursheed Javeed, Saqib Mehmood. Evaluation of four ELISA based immunoassays for the detection of IgM antibodies against dengue virus. Biomedica Vol 26. Jan-Jun 2010: 54-57
5. Farhana S, Tawwab S, Afzal N. Association of interleukin-4 and IgE levels with LDL oxidation in atherosclerosis. Iran J Immunol Vol 7 No 2 June 2010 (0.492)
6. Gul Afshan, Afzal N, Sadia Qureshi. Establishment of CD4+ CD25HI T Cells Reference intervals in Healthy Adult Pakistani Males versus Females. J App Pharm 4(2): 2010; 104-111 (0.622)
7. Khan, M., Jahan, S Khaliq, S., Ijaz, B., Ahmad, W and Hassan, S. "Interaction of HCV Core with cellular genes in developing HCV induced Steatosis" Achieves of Virology 2010 Nov; 155(11):1735-53. (IF 1.902)
8. Khaliq S, Jahan S, Ijaz B, Ahmad W, Asad S, Pervaiz A, Samreen B, Khan M, Hassan S. Inhibition of core gene of HCV 3a genotype using synthetic and vector derived siRNAs. Virol J. 2010 Nov 13; 7:318. (IF 2.55)
9. Khaliq, S., Khaliq, SA. Zahur, M., Iajz, B., Jahan, S., Ansar M., Riazuddin, S. and Hassan, S. RNAi, as a new therapeutic strategy against HCV. Biotechnol Adv. 2010 Jan-Feb; 28(1):27-34. (IF 8.250)
10. Ahmad.W, Ijaz.B, Javed F. T., Jahan.S, Shahid.I, Hassan .S. Age specific prevalence and transmission of HCV genotypes in Lahore, Pakistan. World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Sep 14; 16(34):4321-8. (IF 2.092)
11. Shahid Hussain, Afzal N, Khursheed Javaid, Muhammad Ikram Ullah, Tanveer Ahmad, Saleem-uz-Zaman. Level of Interferon Gamma in the Blood of Tuberculosis Patients. Iran J Immunol Vol 7 No 4 December 2010 (0.492)
12. Javed F. T, Ijaz.B, Ahmad.W, Jahan.S, Khaliq S, Hassan .S. Correlation of Serum HCV titer, ALP and Bilirubin levels with liver fibrosis stage IJAVMS. (2010) 4 (2): 56-22. (IF 0.34)
13. Nadeem Afzal, Khursheed Javed, Saleem-uz-Zaman*, Asim Mumtaz, Shahid Hussain,Romeeza Tahir, Ikram Ullah, Muhammad Akram. PERCENTAGE OF CD4+ AND CD8+ T-LYMPHOCYTES IN BLOOD OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2010;22(4)

Year 2011

1. Amna Habib, Afzal N, Mehreen Ahmed, Afia Abbas, Romeeza Tahir Quantification of Serum IgA of Coeliac Disease Patients. Biomedica Vol 27. Jan-Jun 2011: 26-28
2. Mehreen Ahmad, Afzal N, Amna Habib, Romeeza Tahir, Khursheed Rana, Afia Abbas Detection of anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies in Healthy Subjects. Biomedica Vol 27. Jan-Jun 2011: 42-45
3. Numan Javed, Afzal N, Romeeza Tahir, Afia Abbas. Misdiagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus in different hospitals of Lahore. Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 43 (4), pp. 815-818, 2011 (0.400)
4. Afzal N, Sarwar Abbas, Azazmand, Maria Arif, Khursheed Javeed. Effect of Hepatitis C virus on C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 in Hemodylasis Patients. Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases Vol 5, No 3 182-86 May 2011. (.98)
5. Jahan, S Khaliq, S., Ijaz, B., Ahmad, W and Hassan, S. HCV Core and Cox-2: role in HCV pathogenesis Virol J. 2011 13; 7:318. (IF 2.55)
6. Jahan S, Khaliq S, Samreen B, Ijaz B, Khan M, Ahmad W, Ashfaq U A and Hassan S. Effect of combined siRNA of HCV E2 gene and HCV receptors against HCV (Virol; J. 201181):295 (IF 2.55)
7. Jahan S, Samreen B, Khaliq S, Ijaz B, Khan M, Ahmad W, and Hassan S. HCV entry receptor as potential targets for siRNA based inhibition of HCV Gene,Vaccine Therapy 2011;8(1):295 (IF 1.86)
8. Jahan S, Khaliq S, Afzal N, Mujtiba G, Samreen A, Ijaz B, Ahmad W, Ashfaq U A and Hassan S. "Regulation of Apoptosis by HCV"IJAVMS. (2011) 5 (4): 321-325. (IF 0.34)
9. Khaliq S, Jahan S, Ijaz B, Ahmad W, Asad S, Hassan S. Inhibition of HCV 3a genotype by siRNAs targeting envelope genes Arch Virol. 2011 Mar; 156 (3): 433-442. (IF 1.902)
10. Khaliq, S., Jahan, S. and Hassan, S. "HCV p7: Molecular function and importance in HCV life cycle and potential antiviral target ". 2010. Liver International May 2011, 31(5), 606–617, (IF 2.99)
11. Khaliq, S., Jahan, S. and Pervaiz A. Sequence variability of HCV Core region: Important predictors of HCV induced pathogenesis and viral production Infect Genet Evol. 2011 Apr; 11(3):543-56. (IF 2.89)
12. Ahmad W, Ijaz B, Gull S, Asad, S Sarwar T.M., Jahan S. Khaliq S , Kausar H , Sumrin A, Hassan, S. A brief review on molecular, genetic and imaging techniques for HCV fibrosis evaluation Virol J. 2011 Feb 8;8(1):53.(IF 2.55)
13. Ahmad W, Ijaz B, Gull S, Asad S, Sarwar T.M., Kausar H, Sumrin A, Khaliq S Jahan S. Hassan, S.A comparison of four fibrosis indexes in chronic HCV: Development of new fibrosis-cirrhosis index (FCI) BMC Gastroenterology 2011, 11:44.(IF1.89)
14. Khaliq S, Jahan S, Pervaiz A, Ashfaq UA, Hassan S. Down-regulation of IRES containing 5`UTR of HCV genotype 3a using siRNAs. Virol J. 2011 ;8(1):221(IF 2.55)
15. Ashfaq UA, Yousaf MZ, Aslam M, Ejaz R, Jahan S, Ullah O . siRNAs:Potential therapeutic agents against Hepatitis C Virus. Virol J. 2011;8(1):276 (IF 2.55)
16. Mujtaba G, Jahan S, Khaliq S, Mahmood N, Javed FT, Choudhry N, Aslam A, Bashir T, Faiz M . Current Status of Transmission Risk Factors and Genotypes of Hepatitis C Virus, In Punjabi Population of Pakistan. IJAVMS. (2011) 5 (2): 271-282. (IF 0.34)
17. Ijaz B, Ahmad W, Gull S, Asad, S Sarwar T.M., Khaliq S , Jahan S. Kausar H , Sumrin A, Hassan, S. Association of laboratory parameters with viral factors in patients with hepatitis C Virol J. 2011;8(1):276 (IF 2.55)
18. NADEEM AFZAL, SARA KARIM, TAFAZZUL-E-HAQUE MAHMUD,WAQAS SAMI, MARIA ARIF, SARWAR ABBAS. Evaluation of Anti-CCP Antibody for Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis . Clin. Lab. 11+12/201 (0.92)
19. Anti-apoptotic effect of HCV core gene of genotype 3a in Huh-7 cell line Shah Jahan1,2*, Saba Khaliq1,2, Muhammad Hassan Siddiqi1, Bushra Ijaz1, Waqar Ahmad1, Usman A Ashfaq1 and Sajida Hassan. Jahan et al. Virology Journal 2011, 8:522 (IF 2.55)

Year 2012

1. Afzal N, Romeeza T. Shah Jahan. Cytokine: An ever expanding area; review article. Biological and Biomedical Reports. 2012, 2(1), 37-43
2. Gul Afshan, Afzal N, Sadia Qureshi. CD4+CD25hi Regulatory T cells in healthy males and females mediate gender difference in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases. Clin. Lab. 2012;58:567-571 (0.92)
3. Shah Jahan, Usman A Ashfaq, Muhammad Qasim, Saba Khaliq, Muhammad Javed Saleem, Afzal Nadeem. Hepatitis C virus to hepatocellular carcinoma. Infectious Agents and Cancer 2012, 7:2 doi:10.1186/1750-9378-7-2 (2.071)
4. Shah Jahan, Usman A. Ashfaq, Saba Khaliq, Baila Samreen, Afzal N. Dual behavior of HCV Core gene in regulation of apoptosis is important in progression of HCC. Infection, Genetics and Evolution xxx (2012) xxx-xxx (3.335)
5. Baila Samreen, Saba Khaliq, Usman Ali Ashfaq, Mahwish Khan, Nadeem Afzal, Muhammad Aiman Shahzad, Sabeen Riaz, Shah Jahan. Hepatitis C virus entry: Role of host and viral factors. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2012: 12; 1699-1709 (3.335)
6. Nadeem Afzal, Nagi AH, Muhammad Imran, Abu Zafar, Amtul Musawar, Romeeza Tahir, Sarwar Abbas, Afia Abbas, Shakeela Zaman, Shah Jahan. Association of Alpha-2 Beta-1 Integrin Polymorphism with Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients. J Diabetes & Metab 2012, 3: 9 (3.38)

Year 2013

1. Nadeem Afzal, Khursheed Javed, Waqas Sami, Abu Zafar, Shah Jahan, Shakeela Zaman, AH Nagi. Inverse relationship of serum IL-17 with type-II diabetes retinopathy. J Clin Lab. 11+12/2013 (1.356) (0.92)
2. Idrees, S., Ashfaq, U.A., Khaliq, S. J. HCV Envelope protein 2 sequence comparison of Pakistani isolate and In-silico prediction of conserved epitopes for vaccine development Transl Med. 2013 Apr 30;11:105. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-105 (3.99)
3. Khaliq, S., Latief, N., Jahan, S.Role of different regions of the hepatitis C virus genome in the therapeutic response to interferon-based treatment. Arch Virol. 2013 Jul 13 (2.030)
4. Therapeutic potential of herbs against diabetes. Beenish Ehsan1 , Muhammad Qasim1*, Mahmmad S Masoud1, Mahmood ur Rehman1, shah Jahan, Usman Ali Ashfaq1. Pure Appl. Bio., 2(4): 138-147, Dec-2013 (0.839)
5. Hepatitis C virus entry: role of host and viral factors. Samreen B, Khaliq S, Ashfaq UA, Khan M, Afzal N, Shahzad MA, Riaz S, Jahan S. Infect Genet Evol. 2013 (8):1699-709. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid (3.08)
6. Khaliq S, Latief N, Jahan S. Role of different regions of the hepatitis C virus genome in the therapeutic response to interferon-based treatment. Arch Virol. 2014 Jan;159(1):1-15. doi: 10.1007/s00705-013-1780-x. Epub 2013 July. Review. Impact Foctor: 2.28

Year 2014

1. Afzal N, Khursheed Javaid, Shakeela Zaman, Abu Zafar, AH Nagi. Enumeration of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells in type-II diabetes retinopathy. Pak J Pharm Sci. Vol 27/28; 2014/2015 (0.947)
2. Afzal N, Khursheed Javaid , Shahid Hussain, Saleem-uz-Zaman Adahmi, Waqas Sami, Ihtzaz Ahmed Malik. Inverse correlation of Interferon - gamma and CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Tuberculosis Patients. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 2014; 2(1), 14-19
3. Afzal N, Shakeela Zaman, Aneela Asghar, Khursheed Javed, Faheem Shahzad, Abu Zafar, Abdul Hannan Nagi. Negative Association of Serum IL-6 and IL-17 with Type-II Diabetes Retinopathy. Iran J Immunol. 2014: 11(1); 40-43 (0.492)
4. Zahur M, Afroz A, Rashid U, Khaliq S. Dermatomycoses: challenges and human immune responses. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2014;15(5):437-44.impact factor : 3.03
5. Shahzad F, Afzal N, Naz F, Javed K, Latif W, Zafar A. Decreased percentage of natural T-regulatory cells in type-2 diabetes mellitus. Online Journal of BioSciences and Informatics, 2014 3(1): 4542-467 (2.51)

Year 2015

1. Afzal N, Zaman S, Shahzad F, Javaid K, Zafar A, Nagi AH. Immune mechanisms in type-II diabetic retinopathy. JPMA. 2015: 65(2); 159-163.(0.403)
2. Tufail R, Afzal N, Javaid K, Khaliq S, Tahir R, Abbas A, Latif W, Sami W, Zafar A. Enumeration of NK cells in patients of type-II diabetes mellitus. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 2014; 2(2), 23-27.
3. Afzal N, Shehzad F, Rasheed S. Systemic lupus erythematosus; concepts of immunology in its therapy. Biomedica Vol 30, Issue 3, Jul-Sep 2014, 220-228
4. Tufail R, Afzal N, Javeid K, Shahzad F, Khaliq S, Abbas A, Latif W, Tahir R. Percentage of T Cells in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Managed with different Treatment Modalities. SMU Medical Journal. 2015: 2(1). 139-14 3.835
5. Javed K, Afzal N, Shahzad F, Zaman S, Khaliq S, Jahan S, Latif W, Khalid S. Increased Frequency of HLA-DRB1*12 in Asthma Patients Visiting A Teaching Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. International Journal of current Research , April 2015, Vol:7. Issue -04, pp 14476-14480 (5.349)
6. Riaz M, Afzal N, Mahmud H T, Shahzad F, Rasheed S, Rasheed A. The high percentages of anti-thyroid antibodies positive SLE patients at Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore Pakistan. (Accepted MJMS)

Year 2016

1. Javaid K, Afzal N, Adhami S, Khaliq S, Jahan S, LatifW, Khaliq S.lncreased Frequency ofHLA- DRB 1 * 12 in Asthma Patients Visiting A Teaching Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. IJCR. 2015; 7 (4): 14476-80.
2. Rasheed S, Afzal N, TarifN, Shahzad F, Mahmood TH. Increased Level of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin Protein in Patients of Lupus ephritis. J Immunol Infect Inflam Dis. 2016; 1(1): 002.
3. Naz F, Afzal N, Shahzad F, Kashif M, Javed K, Jahan S, Latif W. Correlation of Serum IL-17 with Level of Vitamin D and IgE in Asthmatic Patients. BJPR. 2016; 11(1): 1-8.
4. Kashif M, Afzal N, Tayyab M A, Shahzad F, Jahan S. Human Papilloma Virus: Important Etiological Factor in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis. J Cancer Bioi Res 2016. 4(2): 1081
5. Batool H, Afzal N, Shahzad F, Kashif M. Relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and chronic periodontitis. Journal of Medicine, Radiology, Pathology & Surgery (2016), 2, I 1-14
6. M Hifsa. Afzal N. Kashif M. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome May Be an Autoimmune Disorder. Scientifica (2016), 1-7
7. Shafiq A, Afzal N, Kashif M. Hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma: A review of natural history. J Med Radiol Pathol Surg 2016;2:23-29
8. Khaliq F, Afzal N, KashifM, Shahzad F. Relationship between Percentage of Regulatory T cells and Dental Amalgam Fi II ings. J Oral Res 2016; 5(4): 153-158
9. KashifM, Afzal N, Minhas S, Anwar MA, Shahzad F, Abbas A, Jahan S. Frequency of ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies in subjects of oral addictive habits (Accepted in The International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health).

Faculty

Dr. Nadeem Afzal

Professor / Head of Department MBBS, M.Sc (Medical Immunology) London, UK, PhD Member of European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology E-mail : [email protected] Ph: +9242-111 333 366 Ext: 343

Dr. shahjahan

Assistant Professor BS Hons, M. Phil. Ph.D. (Molecular Biology)

Mr Khursheed Javaid

Lecturer

Mr. Faheem Shahzad

Teaching and Research Fellow B.Sc , M.Sc, M.Phil

Ms. Afia Abbas

Sr. Lab Manger B.Sc, M.Sc, Diploma in Floriculture and Landscaping